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DBMS > 4D vs. CrateDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Oracle Rdb vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CrateDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Oracle Rdb vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed Database based on LuceneA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score1.08
Rank#184  Overall
#85  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcratedb.comwww.graphengine.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.htmlwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcratedb.com/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncCrateMicrosoftOracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842013201019841989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20237.4.1.1, 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
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Implementation languageJava.NET and CC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support.NETHP Open VMSFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitynoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions (Javascript)yesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategynoyes, on a single nodeACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCrateDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityOracle RdbPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
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Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
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Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCrateDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityOracle RdbPostgreSQL
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