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DBMS > 4D vs. CouchDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CouchDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle NoSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.95
Rank#100  Overall
#17  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcouchdb.apache.orgwww.leanxcale.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosql
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.html
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerLeanXcaleMicrosoftOracle
Initial release19842005201520192011
Current releasev20, April 20233.3.3, December 2023cloud service with continuous releases23.3, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes infothrough Apache DerbyKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIJDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C
Java
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesView functions in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkwith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDnoconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnoyes infooff heap cache
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"LeanXcaleMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOracle NoSQL
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