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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Access

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Access

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orgwww.leanxcale.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­access
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­access
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerLeanXcaleMicrosoft
Initial release19842013200520151992
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20223.3.3, December 20231902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft Office
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++ErlangC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLs
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia viewsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infothrough Apache Derbyyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standard
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIJDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C
Java
Scala
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceView functions in JavaScriptyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engine
Triggersyesnoyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engine
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACID infobut no files for transaction logging
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobut no files for transaction logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"LeanXcaleMicrosoft Access
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