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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonWarp 10  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceTimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score0.07
Rank#349  Overall
#32  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.warp10.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.warp10.io/­content/­02_Getting_started
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleMicrosoftSenX
Initial release19842008201120142015
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20231.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoJavaScriptyes infoWarpScript
TriggersyesyesnoJavaScriptno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"noneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency infobased on HBase
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelMandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBWarp 10
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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