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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ObjectBox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ObjectBox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSExtremely fast embedded database for small devices, IoT and Mobile
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSObject oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.20
Rank#170  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orghsqldb.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverobjectbox.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latesthsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.objectbox.io
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftObjectBox Limited
Initial release19842008200119892017
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20232.7.2, June 2023SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infobased on BSD licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
Windows
Android
iOS
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C++
Dart
Go
Java
JavaScript infoplanned (as of Jan 2019)
Kotlin
Python infoplanned (as of Jan 2019)
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava, SQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersyesyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"nonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editiononline/offline synchronization between client and server
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft SQL ServerObjectBox
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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