DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. HarperDB vs. InfluxDB vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. HarperDB vs. InfluxDB vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

DBMS for storing time series, events and metrics

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Spatial DBMS

with GEO package

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	0.55
Rank	#248	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	25.83
Rank	#28	Overall
	#1	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

cassandra.apache.org

www.harperdb.io

www.influxdata.com/products/influxdb-overview

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

docs.harperdb.io/docs

docs.influxdata.com/influxdb

docs.nebula-graph.io

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

HarperDB

Vesoft Inc.

Initial release

1984

2008

2017

2013

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.3, July 2023

3.1, August 2021

2.7.6, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

free community edition available

Open Source

MIT-License; commercial enterprise version available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

Node.js

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X

through Homebrew

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

dynamic schema

schema-free

Strong typed schema

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

Numeric data and Strings

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

SQL-like data manipulation statements

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

HTTP API
JSON over UDP

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

Sharding

in enterprise version only

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

selectable replication factor

in enterprise version only

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

Atomic execution of specific operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes

using RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Depending on used storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Access rights for users and roles

simple rights management via user accounts

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more

InfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It...
» more

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more

Time to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,...
» more

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more

IoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available...
» more

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more

InfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,...
» more

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more

Fastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances
» more

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more

Open source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on...
» more

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

News

Converting Timestamp to Date in Java
7 May 2024

A Detailed Guide to C# TimeSpan
2 May 2024

The Final Frontier: Using InfluxDB on the International Space Station
30 April 2024

Getting the Current Time in C#: A Guide
26 April 2024

Sync Data from InfluxDB v2 to v3 With the Quix Template
8 April 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.