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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. HEAVY.AI vs. HyperSQL vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. HEAVY.AI vs. HyperSQL vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.64
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
hsqldb.orgwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.heavy.aihsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.timescale.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookHEAVY.AI, Inc.Timescale
Initial release19842008201620012017
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20235.10, January 20222.7.2, June 20232.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availableOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++ and CUDAJavaC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyesyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoJava, SQLuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoRound robinnoneyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBTimescaleDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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