DB-EnginesExtremeDB for everyone with an RTOSEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > 4D vs. BoltDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NebulaGraph vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BoltDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NebulaGraph vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embedded key-value store for Go.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servergithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
trafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.nebula-graph.iotrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftVesoft Inc.Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release19842013198920192014
Current releasev20, April 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20222.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoC++C++C++, Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
LinuxLinux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
GoC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functionsJava Stored Procedures
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionCausal Clustering using Raft protocolyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionBoltDBMicrosoft SQL ServerNebulaGraphTrafodion
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
» more

Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionBoltDBMicrosoft SQL ServerNebulaGraphTrafodion
DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

show all

MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019
3 January 2020, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire
2 May 2017, Paul Andlinger

Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year
4 January 2017, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

show all

Recent citations in the news

What I learnt from building 3 high traffic web applications on an embedded key value store.
21 February 2018, hackernoon.com

4 Instructive Postmortems on Data Downtime and Loss
1 March 2024, The Hacker News

Three Reasons DevOps Should Consider Rocky Linux 9.4
15 May 2024, DevOps.com

Roblox’s cloud-native catastrophe: A post mortem
31 January 2022, InfoWorld

How to Put a GUI on Ansible, Using Semaphore
22 April 2023, The New Stack

provided by Google News

Mastering the SQL Server command-line interface
30 May 2024, SitePoint

New Features in SQL Server 2008
30 May 2024, ITPro Today

Automate downgrading SQL Server to Developer edition on Amazon EC2 | Amazon Web Services
27 May 2024, AWS Blog

Data Virtualization in SQL Server 2022
7 May 2024, Visual Studio Magazine

SQL Server 2014 end of support: Keep your customers secure
28 March 2024, Microsoft

provided by Google News

Vesoft (NebulaGraph) Recognized in the Gartner® Market Guide for Graph Database Management Systems
15 November 2023, PR Newswire

NebulaGraph reaps from China's growing appetite for graph databases
16 September 2022, TechCrunch

NebulaGraph Completes Series A to Scale Its Distributed Graph Database
16 September 2022, Datanami

NebulaGraph Enterprise v5.0: The First Distributed Graph Database to Offer Native GQL Support
18 April 2024, IT News Online

provided by Google News

SQL-on-Hadoop Database Trafodion Bridges Transactions and Analysis
24 January 2018, The New Stack

Evaluating HTAP Databases for Machine Learning Applications
2 November 2016, KDnuggets

Low-latency, distributed database architectures are critical for emerging fog applications
7 April 2022, Embedded Computing Design

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

SingleStore logo

The database to transact, analyze and contextualize your data in real time.
Try it today.

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

RaimaDB logo

RaimaDB, embedded database for mission-critical applications. When performance, footprint and reliability matters.
Try RaimaDB for free.

Present your product here