DBMS > 4D vs. ArangoDB vs. Kdb vs. MariaDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. ArangoDB vs. Kdb vs. MariaDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

High performance Time Series DBMS

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.26
Rank	#88	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#12	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	7.71
Rank	#49	Overall
	#2	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	91.04
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Website

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.arangodb.com

code.kx.com

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

Social network pages

Developer

4D, Inc

ArangoDB Inc.

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Initial release

1984

2012

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.11.5, November 2023

3.6, May 2018

11.3.2, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

commercial

free 32-bit version

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language (q)

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

user defined functions

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Triggers

yes

with views

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

since version 2.0

horizontal partitioning

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

similar paradigm used for internal processing

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
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provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
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tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
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Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
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kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
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upon request
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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