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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. IRONdb vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. IRONdb vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseA distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comphoenix.apache.orgwww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/www.postgresql.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comphoenix.apache.orgdocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-startedwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationCirconus LLC.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release1984201420171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL1998
Current releasev20, April 20235.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019V0.10.20, January 201816.3, May 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCHTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsyes, in Luauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.PL/SQL
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingAutomatic, metric affinity per nodepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
configurable replication factor, datacenter awareSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoHadoop integrationnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodesImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancynofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache PhoenixIRONdbPostgreSQLTimesTen
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