DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. FoundationDB vs. SQLite vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. FoundationDB vs. SQLite vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.06
Rank	#123	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	1.06
Rank	#185	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	1.80
Rank	#138	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

phoenix.apache.org

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.sqlite.org

www.tigergraph.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

phoenix.apache.org

apple.github.io/foundationdb

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

FoundationDB

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1984

2014

2013

2000

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

6.2.28, November 2020

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

Linux

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

dynamic column types

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in SQL-layer only

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

in SQL-layer only

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

Role-based access control

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