DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Dgraph vs. Oracle vs. Tibero

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Dgraph vs. Oracle vs. Tibero

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Widely used RDBMS

A secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.97
Rank	#126	Overall
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	1.78
Rank	#140	Overall
	#64	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

phoenix.apache.org

dgraph.io

www.oracle.com/database

us.tmaxsoft.com/products/tibero

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

phoenix.apache.org

dgraph.io/docs

docs.oracle.com/en/database

technet.tmaxsoft.com/upload/download/online/tibero/pver-20150504-000002/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Oracle

TmaxSoft

Initial release

1984

2014

2016

1980

2003

Current release

v20, April 2023

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

23c, September 2023

6, April 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

C and Assembler

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Persistent Stored Procedure (PSM)

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning

by range, hash, list or composite

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

planned for next version

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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