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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. OpenTenBase vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. OpenTenBase vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonOpenTenBase  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAn enterprise-level distributed HTAP open source database based on PostgreSQLWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#158  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comphoenix.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­OpenTenBase/­OpenTenBase
www.opentenbase.org
www.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comphoenix.apache.orgdocs.citusdata.comdocs.opentenbase.org
docs.opentenbase.org/­en
www.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationOpenAtom Foundation, previously TencentPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release1984201420101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20235.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20198.1, December 20182.5, January 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoBSD-3Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoHadoop integrationnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache PhoenixCitusOpenTenBasePostgreSQL
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