DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stack

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.18
Rank	#172	Overall
	#79	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

kylin.apache.org

www.leanxcale.com

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

kylin.apache.org/docs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay Inc

LeanXcale

Microsoft

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2015

2010

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.1.0, July 2020

V12

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

hosted

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)

yes

through Apache Derby

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
Java
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

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Recent citations in the news

Overhauling Apache Kylin for the cloud
18 November 2021, InfoWorld

eBay's Kylin Becomes a Top-Level Apache Open Source Project
9 December 2015, eBay Inc.

The Apache Software Foundation Announces Apache™ Kylin™ as a Top-Level Project
8 December 2015, GlobeNewswire

Bringing interactive BI to big data – O'Reilly
1 May 2017, oreilly.com

Distributed OLAPer Kyligence accelerates core engine, adds real-time data support – Blocks and Files
10 August 2021, Blocks & Files

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27 March 2024, InfoQ.com

Microsoft unveils Copilot for Azure SQL Database
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