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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comkylin.apache.orgwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkylin.apache.org/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncSymasMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release19842015201120102016
Current releasev20, April 20233.1.0, July 20200.9.32, January 2024V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaCC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
Unix
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)noyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQL
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache KylinLMDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureToroDB
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