DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Kylin vs. Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stack

Enterprise-grade PostgreSQL-based DBMS with security enhancements such as Transparent Data Encryption and Data Masking, plus high-availability and performance improvement features.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.18
Rank	#172	Overall
	#79	Relational DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#285	Overall
	#129	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

kylin.apache.org

www.postgresql.fastware.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

kylin.apache.org/docs

www.postgresql.fastware.com/product-manuals

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.nebula-graph.io

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay Inc

PostgreSQL Global Development Group, Fujitsu Australia Software Technology

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

Initial release

1984

2015

1989

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.1.0, July 2020

Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres 14, January 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Strong typed schema

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

partitioning by range, list and by hash

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

100% compatible with community PostgreSQL
» more

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Competitive advantages

Built-in TDE and Data Masking security. In-Memory Columnar Index, and a high speed...
» more

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Transactional payments applications, reporting and mixed workloads.
» more

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

Over 30 years experience in database technology. Over 20 years in Postgres development...
» more

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Core based licensing
» more

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.