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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Memcached vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Memcached vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonPercona Server for MySQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingEnhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL based on XtraDB or TokuDB storage engines with improved performance and additional diagnostic and management features.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score19.42
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Score2.03
Rank#122  Overall
#57  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.memcached.orgwww.percona.com/­software/­mysql-database/­percona-serverwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wikiwww.percona.com/­downloads/­Percona-Server-LATESTwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationDanga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournalPerconaPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842018200320081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20231.6.25, March 20248.0.36-28, 202416.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSD licenseOpen Source infoGPL version 2Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC and C++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
Proprietary protocolADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnoyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)nonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasnone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallityMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
XtraDB Cluster
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesnoyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBMemcachedPercona Server for MySQLPostgreSQL
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