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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. LevelDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. searchxml

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. LevelDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. searchxml

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonsearchxml  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDBMS for structured and unstructured content wrapped with an application server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Native XML DBMS
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Native XML DBMS
#25  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.postgresql.orgwww.searchxml.net/­category/­products
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.searchxml.net/­support/­handouts
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerinformationpartners gmbh
Initial release1984201320111989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2015
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20221.23, February 202116.2, February 20241.0
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++C++CC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API
WebDAV
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++ infomost other programming languages supported via APIs
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoon the application server
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factornoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infosychronisation to multiple collections
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDmultiple readers, single writer
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDomain, group and role-based access control at the document level and for application services

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaLevelDBPostgreSQLsearchxml
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