DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. GreptimeDB vs. Oracle vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. GreptimeDB vs. Oracle vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

An open source Time Series DBMS built for increased scalability, high performance and efficiency

Widely used RDBMS

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.12
Rank	#351	Overall
	#34	Time Series DBMS

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#316	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

druid.apache.org

greptime.com

www.oracle.com/database

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.greptime.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Greptime Inc.

Oracle

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2012

2022

1980

2018

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

23c, September 2023

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Rust

C and C++

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

Android
Docker
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL for querying

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

gRPC
HTTP API
JDBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Python

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Simple rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

- Inherits advantages of Rust, such as excellent performance, memory safe, resource...
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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

Greptime's clients span multiple sectors including IoT, connected vehicles, and energy...
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Market metrics

GreptimeDB has garnered global recognition by topping GitHub trends following its...
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Licensing and pricing models

GreptimeDB: open source, distributed, cloud-native TSDB; supports Hybrid Time-series...
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