DBMS > 4D vs. AnzoGraph DB vs. MariaDB vs. TimesTen vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AnzoGraph DB vs. MariaDB vs. TimesTen vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Scalable graph database built for online analytics and data harmonization with MPP scaling, high-performance analytical algorithms and reasoning, and virtualization

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#307	Overall
	#24	Graph DBMS
	#13	RDF stores

Score	93.21
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

cambridgesemantics.com/anzograph

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.cambridgesemantics.com/anzograph/userdoc/home.htm

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki

Developer

4D, Inc

Cambridge Semantics

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Aurelius, owned by DataStax

Initial release

1984

2018

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

1998

2012

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.3, January 2021

11.3.2, February 2024

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free trial version available

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

commercial

Open Source

Apache license, version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SPARQL and SPARQL* as primary query language. Cypher preview.

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Apache Mule
gRPC
JDBC
Kafka
OData access for BI tools
OpenCypher
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++
Java
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Clojure
Java
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and aggregates

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

PL/SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Automatic sharding

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

none

yes

via pluggable storage backends

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication in MPP-Cluster

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Kerberos/HDFS data loading

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in MPP-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not needed in graphs

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Relationships in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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