DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. eXtremeDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. eXtremeDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	0.80
Rank	#214	Overall
	#99	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	1.36
Rank	#161	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.mcobject.com

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

McObject

Vesoft Inc.

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

2012

2001

2019

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

8.2, 2021

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Strong typed schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

support of XML interfaces available

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in Python

yes

user defined functions

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

by defining events

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning / sharding

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
» more

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
» more

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
» more

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.