DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	20.56
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	2.74
Rank	#105	Overall
	#19	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.datomic.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

rethinkdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.datomic.com

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

rethinkdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Cognitect

Microsoft

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

Initial release

1984

2012

2016

2009

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

2.4.1, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Clojure
Java

C#
Java
PHP

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Transaction Functions

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

range based

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

yes

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-document operations

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC based

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

users and table-level permissions

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