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DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. CockroachDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. CockroachDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score19.03
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score6.10
Rank#58  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Cockroach Labs8Kdata
Initial release1984201220152016
Current releasev20, April 202323.1.1, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCGoJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesdynamic schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesrestrictedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions infoin Pythonno
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAmazon RedshiftCockroachDBToroDB
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