DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. CockroachDB vs. Kingbase vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. CockroachDB vs. Kingbase vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	5.73
Rank	#58	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	0.50
Rank	#257	Overall
	#119	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.kingbase.com.cn

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Cockroach Labs

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2012

2015

1999

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

24.1.0, May 2024

V8.0, August 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Java

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

Standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in Python

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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