DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CouchDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CouchDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	1.18
Rank	#173	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	9.30
Rank	#45	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

iotdb.apache.org

couchdb.apache.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

Initial release

1984

2012

2018

2005

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

3.3.3, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Erlang

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

via views

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
Native API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in Python

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single document possible

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Access rights for users can be defined per database

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