DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Search engine

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	135.35
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

druid.apache.org

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Elastic

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

1984

2012

2010

2013

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

8.6, January 2023

8.11.4, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Elastic License

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

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