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DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon DynamoDB vs. IBM Db2 vs. LevelDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon DynamoDB vs. IBM Db2 vs. LevelDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon DynamoDB  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloudCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBKey-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score74.45
Rank#17  Overall
#3  Document stores
#2  Key-value stores
Score125.90
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comaws.amazon.com/­dynamodbwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2github.com/­google/­leveldbwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.aws.amazon.com/­dynamodbwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2github.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncAmazonIBMGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release198420121983 infohost version20111989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 202312.1, October 20161.23, February 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree tier for a limited amount of database operationscommercial infofree version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
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Implementation languageC and C++C++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyes infoby integration with AWS Lambdayesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux Versionnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)noneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infomay be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)nonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be specified for read operations
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and regionACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAmazon DynamoDBIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2LevelDBPostgreSQL
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