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DBMS > 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MariaDB vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MariaDB vs. QuestDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.A high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#187  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comallegrograph.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablemariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
questdb.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­libraryquestdb.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncFranz Inc.GoogleMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
QuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release1984200420152009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 19952014
Current releasev20, April 20238.0, December 202311.3.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC and C++Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoRDF schemasschema-freeyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infobulk load of XML files possiblenoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SPARQL is used as query languagenoyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispnoyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3no
Triggersyesyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonewith FederationShardingseveral options for horizontal partitioning and Shardinghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAllegroGraphGoogle Cloud BigtableMariaDBQuestDB
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more
Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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