DBMS > 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Cassandra vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Cassandra vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

High performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMS

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

with version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS

Wide column store

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.06
Rank	#187	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#17	Graph DBMS
	#7	RDF stores
	#7	Vector DBMS

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	0.86
Rank	#203	Overall
	#34	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

franz.com/agraph/support/documentation/current/agraph-introduction.html

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Franz Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

1984

2004

2008

2022

Current release

v20, April 2023

8.0, December 2023

4.1.3, July 2023

v1.1.1, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Limited community edition free

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

bulk load of XML files possible

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SPARQL is used as query language

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript or Common Lisp

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

with Federation

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

Access rights for users can be defined per object

yes, based on authentication and database rules

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Knowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more

Competitive advantages

AllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more

Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more

Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more

News

Can Neuro-Symbolic AI Solve AI’s Weaknesses?
17 April 2024

100 Companies That Matter in KM – Franz Inc.
3 April 2024

Exploring AllegroGraph v8 – Unleashing the Power of Neuro-Symbolic AI (Recorded Webinar)
9 February 2024

What is Neuro-Symbolic AI?
23 January 2024

Allegro CL v11 – Now Available! – The Neuro-Symbolic AI Programming Platform
8 January 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.