DBMS > 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. OrientDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

High performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMS

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

with version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Wide column store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.06
Rank	#187	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#17	Graph DBMS
	#7	RDF stores
	#7	Vector DBMS

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	3.26
Rank	#92	Overall
	#13	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

allegrograph.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

cloud.google.com/bigtable

orientdb.org

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

franz.com/agraph/support/documentation/current/agraph-introduction.html

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Franz Inc.

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Google

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Initial release

1984

2004

2012

2015

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

8.0, December 2023

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

bulk load of XML files possible

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SPARQL is used as query language

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like query language, no joins

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript or Common Lisp

user defined functions

in Python

Java, Javascript

Triggers

yes

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

with Federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-row operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Knowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more

Competitive advantages

AllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more

News

How a Neuro-Symbolic AI Approach Can Improve Trust in AI Apps
23 May 2024

Can Neuro-Symbolic AI Solve AI’s Weaknesses?
17 April 2024

100 Companies That Matter in KM – Franz Inc.
3 April 2024

Exploring AllegroGraph v8 – Unleashing the Power of Neuro-Symbolic AI (Recorded Webinar)
9 February 2024

What is Neuro-Symbolic AI?
23 January 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.