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DBMS > 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. Cassandra vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. Cassandra vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemJavaScript DBMS libraryWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Microsofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Wide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#256  Overall
#40  Document stores
#118  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comalasql.orgcassandra.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
Developer4D, IncAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCockroach LabsMicrosoft
Initial release19842014200820151989
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 202324.1.0, May 2024SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT-LicenseOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScriptJavaGoC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freedynamic schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnorestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JavaScript APIProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaScriptC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnononoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infono "single point of failure"horizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication using RAFTyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storageno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAccess rights for users can be defined per objectRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAlaSQLCassandraCockroachDBMicrosoft SQL Server
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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