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DBMS > RDF4J vs. RDFox vs. TiDB vs. Titan vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison RDF4J vs. RDFox vs. TiDB vs. Titan vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRDF storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websiterdf4j.orgwww.oxfordsemantic.techpingcap.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titantypedb.com
Technical documentationrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.oxfordsemantic.techdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stablegithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikitypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Oxford Semantic TechnologiesPingCAP, Inc.Aurelius, owned by DataStaxVaticle
Initial release20042017201620122016
Current release6.0, Septermber 20228.0.0, March 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageJavaC++Go, RustJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF Schemasyes infoRDF schemasyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesnono
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languagesJava
PHP
Python
C
Java
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Python
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesno
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)yes infovia pluggable storage backendsSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonereplication via a shared file systemUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.yesMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infowith TiSpark Connectoryes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infofull support since version 6.6yes infoRelationships in graphno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoRoles, resources, and access typesFine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Serveryes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
RDF4J infoformerly known as SesameRDFoxTiDBTitanTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
RDF4J infoformerly known as SesameRDFoxTiDBTitanTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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