DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. SQream DB vs. TimesTen vs. Titan vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. SQream DB vs. TimesTen vs. Titan vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.

Description

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

a GPU-based, columnar RDBMS for big data analytics workloads

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#224	Overall
	#103	Relational DBMS

Score	1.36
Rank	#161	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.postgresql.org

sqream.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

www.postgresql.org/docs

docs.sqream.com

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

SQream Technologies

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Aurelius, owned by DataStax

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2017

1998

2012

2019

Current release

16.3, May 2024

2022.1.6, December 2022

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Apache license, version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++, CUDA, Haskell, Java, Scala

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, ANSI Standard SQL Types

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

.Net
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Clojure
Java
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

user defined functions in Python

PL/SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

horizontal and vertical partitioning

none

yes

via pluggable storage backends

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

More information provided by the system vendor

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