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DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. Rockset vs. SQLite vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. Rockset vs. SQLite vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRockset  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA scalable, reliable search and analytics service in the cloud, built on RocksDBWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
Search engine
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.82
Rank#212  Overall
#36  Document stores
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.postgresql.orgrockset.comwww.sqlite.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.rockset.comwww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRocksetDwayne Richard HippOpenLink Software
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL201920001998
Current release16.3, May 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoPublic DomainOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++CC
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hostedserver-lessAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infodynamic column typesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesdynamic typingyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoingestion from XML files supportednoyes
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsRead-only SQL queries, including JOINsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP RESTADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nonoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashAutomatic shardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and organizations can be defined via Rockset consolenoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
PostgreSQLRocksetSQLiteVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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More resources
PostgreSQLRocksetSQLiteVirtuoso
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