DBMS > Oracle vs. Raima Database Manager vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Oracle vs. Raima Database Manager vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Widely used RDBMS

RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into an application or used as a database server

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

RDF store

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#259	Overall
	#121	Relational DBMS
	#21	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	1.52
Rank	#153	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Website

www.oracle.com/database

raima.com

rdf4j.org

spark.apache.org/sql

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

docs.oracle.com/en/database

docs.raima.com

rdf4j.org/documentation

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Developer

Oracle

Raima Inc.

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Apache Software Foundation

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

1980

1984

2004

2014

2019

Current release

23c, September 2023

15, June 2021

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Scala

Server operating systems

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Android
HP-UX
Integrity RTOS
iOS
Linux
OS X
QNX
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Exporting/Importing of XML structures possible

Secondary indexes

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Objective-C
PL/SQL

Java
PHP
Python

Java
Python
R
Scala

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

based on the ANSI/ISO SQL Persistent Stored Modules (PSM) specification

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning

none

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Raima Database Manager (RDM) is an embedded time-series database optimized to run...
» more

Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more

Competitive advantages

Decreased time-to-market Industry-standard interfaces & tools for making your job...
» more

Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

Typical use cases include: Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded In-Memory Database Time-Series...
» more

As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

Infor, ABB, The Boeing Company, BAE Systems, Dow Jones, Dun & Bradstreet, Fujitsu,...
» more

All companies that have data.
» more

Market metrics

Over 30 000 applications developers worldwide have field-tested RDM products More...
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As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

Just as the technical aspects of Raima Database Manager are flexible, so are the...
» more

Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

News

Raima Unveils RaimaDB 16.0: Elevating Database Performance and User Experience
29 February 2024

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v15, a Powerful Embedded Time Series Database
10 June 2021

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v14.2, a Powerful IoT Edge Embedded Database
8 October 2020

Raima Joins BlackBerry QNX Channel Partner Program to Deliver Safety-Critical and Secure Software Solutions
1 October 2020

Raima Expands Their Reseller Network in Asia
19 May 2020

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.