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DBMS > NuoDB vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Virtuoso vs. YottaDB

System Properties Comparison NuoDB vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Virtuoso vs. YottaDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonYottaDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsA fast and solid embedded Key-value store
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMSRelational DBMS infousing the Octo plugin
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score0.28
Rank#306  Overall
#44  Key-value stores
Websitewww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databaseorientdb.orgwww.postgresql.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.comyottadb.com
Technical documentationdoc.nuodb.comwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosoyottadb.com/­resources/­documentation
DeveloperDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOpenLink SoftwareYottaDB, LLC
Initial release201320101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19982001
Current release3.2.29, March 202416.3, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL 3.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaCCC
Server operating systemshosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Docker
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language, no joinsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXby using the Octo plugin
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
PostgreSQL wire protocol infousing the Octo plugin
Proprietary protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
M
Perl
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava, SQLJava, Javascriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersyesHooksyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesnoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes inforelationship in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infotunable commit protocolACIDACIDACIDoptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoTemporary tablenoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurablefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Users and groups based on OS-security mechanisms
More information provided by the system vendor
NuoDBOrientDBPostgreSQLVirtuosoYottaDB
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
NuoDBOrientDBPostgreSQLVirtuosoYottaDB
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