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DBMS > Neo4j vs. Solr vs. Stardog vs. TigerGraph vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Neo4j vs. Solr vs. Stardog vs. TigerGraph vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSSearch engineGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score1.83
Rank#139  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Score10.68
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Websiteneo4j.comsolr.apache.orgwww.stardog.comwww.tigergraph.comwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationneo4j.com/­docssolr.apache.org/­resources.htmldocs.stardog.comdocs.tigergraph.comvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.Apache Software FoundationStardog-UnionOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20072006201020172005
Current release5.19, April 20249.6.0, April 20247.3.0, May 202012.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJava, ScalaJavaJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)Linux
macOS
Windows
LinuxLinux
Data schemeschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infoImport/export of XML data possiblenono
Secondary indexesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSolr Parallel SQL InterfaceYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL ServerSQL-like query language (GSQL)Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C++
Java
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsJava pluginsuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayesyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersyes infovia event handleryes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesyes infovia event handlersnoyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes using Neo4j FabricShardingnonehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyyesMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reducenoyesno infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes inforelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDoptimistic lockingACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yesAccess rights for users and rolesRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
Neo4jSolrStardogTigerGraphVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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