DBMS > NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. Tigris vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. Tigris vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A horizontally scalable, ACID transactional, document database available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Document store
Key-value store
Search engine
Time Series DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.75
Rank	#128	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.06
Rank	#352	Overall
	#50	Document stores
	#53	Key-value stores
	#23	Search engines
	#35	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.20
Rank	#314	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.postgresql.org

www.tigrisdata.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.nebula-graph.io

www.postgresql.org/docs

www.tigrisdata.com/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Vesoft Inc.

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Tigris Data, Inc.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2019

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2022

2019

Current release

16.4, August 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

Strong typed schema

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

standard with numerous extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

CLI Client
gRPC
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

yes, using FoundationDB

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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