DBMS > Milvus vs. SingleStore vs. ToroDB vs. Vertica vs. YugabyteDB
System Properties Comparison Milvus vs. SingleStore vs. ToroDB vs. Vertica vs. YugabyteDB
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| Name | Milvus Xexclude from comparison | SingleStore  former name was MemSQL Xexclude from comparison | ToroDB Xexclude from comparison | Vertica OpenText™ Vertica™ Xexclude from comparison | YugabyteDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches | MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type | A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL | Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python. | High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Vector DBMS | Relational DBMS | Document store | Relational DBMS Column oriented | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS | Document store Wide column store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | milvus.io | www.singlestore.com | github.com/torodb/server | www.vertica.com | www.yugabyte.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | milvus.io/docs/overview.md | docs.singlestore.com | vertica.com/documentation | docs.yugabyte.com github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | SingleStore Inc. | 8Kdata | OpenText previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard | Yugabyte Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2019 | 2013 | 2016 | 2005 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 2.3.4, January 2024 | 8.5, January 2024 | 12.0.3, January 2023 | 2.19, September 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 | commercial free developer edition available | Open Source AGPL-V3 | commercial Limited community edition free | Open Source Apache 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus | SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities | YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C++, Go | C++, Go | Java | C++ | C and C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux macOS 10.14 or laterWindows with WSL 2 enabled | Linux 64 bit version required | All OS with a Java 7 VM | Linux | Linux OS X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | schema-free | Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried. | depending on used data model | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | Vector, Numeric and String | yes | yes string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | no | yes | No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included. | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | yes but no triggers and foreign keys | Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions. | yes, PostgreSQL compatible | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | RESTful HTTP API | Cluster Management API as HTTP Rest and CLI HTTP API JDBC MongoDB API ODBC | ADO.NET JDBC Kafka Connector ODBC RESTful HTTP API Spark Connector vSQL character-based, interactive, front-end utility | JDBC YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | Bash C C# Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python R | C C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Rust Scala | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | yes | yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences | yes sql, plpgsql, C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no | no | yes, called Custom Alerts | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding hash partitioning | Sharding | horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning | Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Source-replica replication stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes | Source-replica replication | Multi-source replication One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository. | Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations | no Bi-directional Spark integration | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Bounded Staleness Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Session Consistency Tunable Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | ACID | no | ACID | Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log. | yes | yes | yes based on RocksDB | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Role based access control and fine grained access rights | Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles | Access rights for users and roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Milvus | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | ToroDB | Vertica OpenText™ Vertica™ | YugabyteDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready... » more | SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed... » more | Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,... » more | YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch... » more | SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with... » more | Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages... » more | PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS.... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication.... » more | Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting... » more | Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk... » more | Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,... » more | IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,... » more | Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise... » more | Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry... » more | 2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed... » more | F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition » more | Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is... » more | Apache 2.0 license for the database » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Milvus | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | ToroDB | Vertica OpenText™ Vertica™ | YugabyteDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Vector databases | Turbocharge Your Application Development Using WebAssembly With SingleStoreDB Cloud-Based Analytics With SingleStoreDB SingleStore: The Increasing Momentum of Multi-Model Database Systems | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recent citations in the news | How NVIDIA GPU Acceleration Supercharged Milvus Vector Database AI-Powered Search Engine With Milvus Vector Database on Vultr Milvus 2.4 Unveils Game-Changing Features for Enhanced Vector Search Zilliz Unveils Game-Changing Features for Vector Search IBM watsonx.data’s integrated vector database: unify, prepare, and deliver your data for AI provided by Google News | SingleStore CEO sees little future for purpose-built vector databases SingleStore Announces Real-time Data Platform to Further Accelerate AI, Analytics and Application Development Building a Modern Database: Nikita Shamgunov on Postgres and Beyond SingleStore adds indexed vector search to Pro Max release for faster AI work – Blocks and Files SingleStore update adds new tools to fuel GenAI, analytics provided by Google News | Stonebraker Seeks to Invert the Computing Paradigm with DBOS How Embedded Analytics Help ISVs Overcome Challenges OpenText expands enterprise portfolio with AI and Micro Focus integrations Postgres pioneer Michael Stonebraker promises to upend the database once more Querying a Vertica data source in Amazon Athena using the Athena Federated Query SDK | Amazon Web Services provided by Google News | YugabyteDB Becomes First Distributed SQL Database Vendor to Complete CIS Benchmark Yugabyte Achieves PCI DSS Level 1 Compliance, Validating Secure and Scalable Distributed PostgreSQL for ... The surprising link between Formula One and enterprise PostgreSQL optimisation Yugabyte Embraces 'No Downtime, No Limits,' as the Theme of the Upcoming Distributed SQL Summit Asia Can Yugabyte Become The Defacto Database For Large-Scale, Cloud Native Applications? provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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