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DBMS > Milvus vs. PostgreSQL vs. Trino vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Milvus vs. PostgreSQL vs. Trino vs. Weaviate

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQLAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelVector DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.81
Rank#144  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score5.10
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score1.89
Rank#138  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Websitemilvus.iowww.postgresql.orgtrino.iogithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docstrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
weaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTrino Software FoundationWeaviate B.V.
Initial release20191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL2019
Current release2.3.4, January 202416.2, February 20241.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for MilvusAiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageC++, GoCJavaGo
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
Data schemeyesyesyes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateVector, Numeric and Stringyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesnoyesdepending on connected data-sourceyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, depending on connected data-sourceno
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashdepending on connected data-sourceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsdepending on connected data-sourceyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate Consistencydepending on connected data-sourceEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDdepending on connected data-sourceno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesdepending on connected data-sourceyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole based access control and fine grained access rightsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardSQL standard access controlAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
MilvusPostgreSQLTrinoWeaviate
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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All companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more
News

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We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
MilvusPostgreSQLTrinoWeaviate
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Conferences, events and webinars

Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor
Webinar, 10-11am CT / 4-5pm BST, 22 May 2024

Recent citations in the news

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What Is Milvus Vector Database?
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