DBMS > Milvus vs. NebulaGraph vs. OrientDB vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison Milvus vs. NebulaGraph vs. OrientDB vs. SAP HANA

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Primary database model

Vector DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.78
Rank	#103	Overall
	#4	Vector DBMS

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#89	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#13	Key-value stores

Score	44.27
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Website

milvus.io

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

orientdb.org

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

Technical documentation

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

docs.nebula-graph.io

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

help.sap.com/hana

Developer

Vesoft Inc.

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

SAP

Initial release

2019

2010

Current release

2.4.4, May 2024

3.2.29, March 2024

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

C++, Go

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

Linux

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Appliance or cloud-service

Data scheme

Strong typed schema

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Java, Javascript

SQLScript, R

Triggers

Hooks

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Multi-source replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Competitive advantages

Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Typical application scenarios

RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Key customers

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
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At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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