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DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. RisingWave vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. RisingWave vs. TinkerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRisingWave  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQLA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.58
Rank#242  Overall
#111  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgwww.risingwave.com/­databasetinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.risingwave.com/­docs/­current/­intro
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRisingWave Labs
Initial release19891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20222009
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 20241.2, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CRustJava
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesStandard SQL-types and JSONyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.UDFs in Python or Javano
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and Rolesno

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More resources
Microsoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLRisingWaveTinkerGraph
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