DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. Pinecone vs. STSdb vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. Pinecone vs. STSdb vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A managed, cloud-native vector database

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

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Trend Chart

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	3.23
Rank	#92	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Score	0.10
Rank	#357	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.pinecone.io

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.pinecone.io/docs/overview

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Microsoft

Pinecone Systems, Inc

STS Soft SC

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1989

2019

2011

2019

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

4.0.8, September 2015

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
Windows

hosted

Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

String, Number, Boolean

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API

.NET Client API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Python

C#
Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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