DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J vs. SAP HANA vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J vs. SAP HANA vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

RDF store

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	44.69
Rank	#22	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	10.68
Rank	#43	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Website

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

orientdb.org

rdf4j.org

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

www.vertica.com

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

rdf4j.org/documentation

help.sap.com/hana

vertica.com/documentation

Developer

Microsoft

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

SAP

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Initial release

1989

2010

2004

2010

2005

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.2.29, March 2024

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

12.0.3, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

Limited community edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

also available as a cloud based service

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Appliance or cloud-service

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java, Javascript

yes

SQLScript, R

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

yes

Hooks

yes

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

none

yes

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication

none

yes

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

More information provided by the system vendor

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