DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Redis vs. Snowflake vs. Stardog
System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Redis vs. Snowflake vs. Stardog
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Name | Microsoft SQL Server Xexclude from comparison | Oracle Rdb Xexclude from comparison | Redis Xexclude from comparison | Snowflake Xexclude from comparison | Stardog Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Microsofts flagship relational DBMS | Popular in-memory data platform used as a cache, message broker, and database that can be deployed on-premises, across clouds, and hybrid environments Redis focuses on performance so most of its design decisions prioritize high performance and very low latencies. | Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data | Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | Key-value store Multiple data types and a rich set of operations, as well as configurable data expiration, eviction and persistence | Relational DBMS | Graph DBMS RDF store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Document store with RedisJSON Graph DBMS with RedisGraph Spatial DBMS Search engine with RediSearch Time Series DBMS with RedisTimeSeries Vector DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server | www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb.html | redis.com redis.io | www.snowflake.com | www.stardog.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server | www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb-doc.html | docs.redis.com/latest/index.html redis.io/docs | docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html | docs.stardog.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Microsoft | Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) | Redis project core team, inspired by Salvatore Sanfilippo Development sponsored by Redis Inc. | Snowflake Computing Inc. | Stardog-Union | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 1989 | 1984 | 2009 | 2014 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | SQL Server 2022, November 2022 | 7.4.1.1, 2021 | 7.2.5, May 2024 | 7.3.0, May 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | commercial restricted free version is available | commercial | Open Source source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Redis Enterprise | commercial | commercial 60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant. | Aiven for Redis: Fully managed in-memory key-value store for all your caching and speedy lookup needs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | C++ | C | Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | Linux Windows | HP Open VMS | BSD Linux OS X Windows ported and maintained by Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. | hosted | Linux macOS Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | yes | Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) | schema-free | yes support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro) | schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | partial Supported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | no | no | yes | no Import/export of XML data possible | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes with RediSearch module | yes supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | yes | yes | with RediSQL module | yes | Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB Tabular Data Stream (TDS) | proprietary protocol RESP - REdis Serialization Protocol | CLI Client JDBC ODBC | GraphQL query language HTTP API Jena RDF API OWL RDF4J API Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SNARL SPARQL Spring Data Stardog Studio TinkerPop 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | C# C++ Delphi Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Ruby Visual Basic | C C# C++ Clojure Crystal D Dart Elixir Erlang Fancy Go Haskell Haxe Java JavaScript (Node.js) Lisp Lua MatLab Objective-C OCaml Pascal Perl PHP Prolog Pure Data Python R Rebol Ruby Rust Scala Scheme Smalltalk Swift Tcl Visual Basic | JavaScript (Node.js) Python | .Net Clojure Groovy Java JavaScript Python Ruby | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java | Lua; Redis Functions coming in Redis 7 (slides and Github) | user defined functions | user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | yes | publish/subscribe channels provide some trigger functionality; RedisGears | no similar concept for controling cloud resources | yes via event handlers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation | Sharding Automatic hash-based sharding with support for hash-tags for manual sharding | yes | none | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition | Multi-source replication with Redis Enterprise Pack Source-replica replication Chained replication is supported | yes | Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | through RedisGears | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Causal consistency can be enabled in Active-Active databases Strong consistency with Redis Raft Strong eventual consistency with Active-Active | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | yes | no | yes | yes relationships in graphs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | yes, on a single node | Atomic execution of command blocks and scripts and optimistic locking | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes Data access is serialized by the server | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes Configurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | no | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access Control Lists (ACLs): redis.io/docs/management/security/acl LDAP and Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) for Redis Enterprise Mutual TLS authentication: redis.io/docs/management/security/encryption Password-based authentication | Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication | Access rights for users and roles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3rd parties | Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems. » more Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development. » more | Aiven for Redis: Fully managed in-memory key-value store for all your caching and speedy lookup needs.
» more Redisson PRO: The ultra-fast Redis Java Client. » more CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more Navicat for Redis: the award-winning Redis management tool with an intuitive and powerful graphical interface. » more | CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Microsoft SQL Server | Oracle Rdb | Redis | Snowflake | Stardog | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2018 MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking MongoDB is the DBMS of the year, defending the title from last year | Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent citations in the news | First Look: New Features in SQL Server 2016 How to automate an in-place upgrade of SQL Server on Amazon EC2 | Amazon Web Services 10 GitHub Repositories to Master SQL Mastering the SQL Server command-line interface SQL Server 2014 end of support: Keep your customers secure provided by Google News | Oracle Adds New AI-Enabling Features To MySQL HeatWave Should we all consolidate databases for the storage benefits? Reg vultures deploy DevOps, zoos, haircuts 2013 Data Science Salary Survey – O'Reilly provided by Google News | Redis moves to source-available licenses Redis switches licenses, acquires Speedb to go beyond its core in-memory database Redis expands data management capabilities with Speedb acquisition – Blocks and Files In-memory database Redis wants to dabble in disk Linux Foundation Backs 'Valkey' Open-Source Fork of Redis provided by Google News | Hackers steal “significant volume” of data from hundreds of Snowflake customers Mandiant says hackers stole a 'significant volume of data' from Snowflake customers Snowflake Attacks: Mandiant Links Data Breaches to Infostealer Infections The number of known Snowflake customer data breaches is rising What Snowflake isn't saying about its customer data breaches provided by Google News |
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