DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle Rdb vs. ToroDB vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle Rdb vs. ToroDB vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#184	Overall
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	5.00
Rank	#66	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Website

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb.html

github.com/torodb/server

trino.io

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.nebula-graph.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb-doc.html

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

8Kdata

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

1989

2019

1984

2016

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

7.4.1.1, 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
Windows

Linux

HP Open VMS

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

yes

Strong typed schema

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Source-replica replication

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more

Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.