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DBMS > Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. mSQL vs. Stardog vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. mSQL vs. Stardog vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServermSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.27
Rank#167  Overall
#77  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasehughestech.com.au/­products/­msqlwww.stardog.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.comdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperMicrosoftHughes TechnologiesStardog-UnionOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005OpenLink Software
Initial release20101994201019981998
Current releaseV124.4, October 20217.3.0, May 202011 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)7.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree licenses can be providedcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CJavaC
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono infoImport/export of XML data possiblenoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggersYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQLnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in JavaPL/SQLyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyes infovia event handlersnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes inforelationships in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesnoyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzuremSQL infoMini SQLStardogTimesTenVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzuremSQL infoMini SQLStardogTimesTenVirtuoso
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