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DBMS > Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. QuestDB vs. RavenDB vs. Transbase vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. QuestDB vs. RavenDB vs. Transbase vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonTransbase  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseA resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score0.17
Rank#334  Overall
#148  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasequestdb.ioravendb.netwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlquestdb.io/­docsravendb.net/­docswww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase/­features.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperMicrosoftQuestDB Technology IncHibernating RhinosTransaction Software GmbHOpenLink Software
Initial release20102014201019871998
Current releaseV125.4, July 2022Transbase 8.3, 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availablecommercial infofree development licenseOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java (Zero-GC), C++, RustC#C and C++C
Server operating systemshostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL with time-series extensionsSQL-like query language (RQL)yesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQLnoyesyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)Shardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication with eventual consistencyMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID for single-table writesACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infothrough memory mapped filesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureQuestDBRavenDBTransbaseVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Performance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Used for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureQuestDBRavenDBTransbaseVirtuoso
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