DBMS > Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NuoDB vs. SAP HANA vs. Stardog vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NuoDB vs. SAP HANA vs. Stardog vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	44.69
Rank	#22	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.65
Rank	#234	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#107	Relational DBMS

Website

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

www.stardog.com

typedb.com

Technical documentation

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

Developer

Microsoft

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

SAP

Stardog-Union

Vaticle

Initial release

2010

2013

2010

2016

Current release

V12

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

2.26.3, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Appliance or cloud-service

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL

Java, SQL

SQLScript, R

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

yes

none

Sharding

by using Cassandra

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, with always 3 replicas available

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

yes

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

yes

Access rights for users and roles

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more

Competitive advantages

TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.