DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Quasardb vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Quasardb vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. Teradata

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Distributed, high-performance timeseries database

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)

Primary database model

column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.28
Rank	#83	Overall
	#45	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#332	Overall
	#28	Time Series DBMS

Score	103.35
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	1.93
Rank	#121	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	41.47
Rank	#22	Overall
	#15	Relational DBMS

Website

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

Technical documentation

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

doc.quasar.ai/master

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

docs.stardog.com

docs.teradata.com

Developer

Microsoft

quasardb

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Stardog-Union

Teradata

Initial release

2019

2009

2000

2010

1984

Current release

cloud service with continuous releases

3.14.1, January 2024

3.46.1 (13 August 2024), August 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Free community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses

Open Source

Public Domain

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted
Linux

Data scheme

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

integer and binary

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

yes

Secondary indexes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

with tags

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

Join-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index

SQL

Support of SQL

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

SQL 2016 + extensions

APIs and other access methods

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes

UDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

via event handlers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

consistent hashing

none

Sharding

Hashing

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Source-replica replication with selectable replication factor

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using LevelDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Transient mode

yes

User concepts

Access control

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Cryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.